Adam Klein - I Can See

I Can See

by Adam Klein

PREFACE
This is the story of how I learned to see clearly without the aid of refractive (usually called corrective) lenses. I write it because I feel a duty to inform as many people as I can that improving one's naked eyesight is a real possibility despite the skepticism of the eye care professional world. I will refer to such apparently unrelated subjects as singing, memory palaces, high-tech catalogues, myofascial trigger points, yoga, diet and pinhole glasses in order to show how these things combined in my life to allow me to shed the crutch of eyeglasses, and so some of those who read this will be encouraged to try for themselves, or keep trying.
INTRODUCTION
For centuries, no one from Europe sailed past the western tip of Africa for the simple reason that they had been told with no room for doubt that the world ended there and they would surely perish if they passed it. The feelings I experienced the first time I encountered success in the retraining of my eyes must be similar to those felt by the sailors of that first ship that saw the southwest African coast. An elation that despite everything I'd been told all my life it was truly possible, though at the time I had no idea how far I'd be able to take this journey, that is, if I'd ever see clearly all the time. A deep anger at the fact that I hadn't found out about it sooner, because almost no one knows about or believes in these techniques, and because due to my ignorance my social life during the nineteen years I wore glasses was almost certainly much lonelier than it would otherwise have been. Those who don't wear glasses as children and teenagers have no inkling of the psychological effect imposed on the children by the wearing of these things. We are branded as nerds, brainy misfits, unathletic "spazzes," to use the slang of my day. When I learned, through personal experience, that most children wouldn't need glasses if these techniques were learned, understood, standardized and disseminated, the ostracization of all these children as being no less different from what is called normal than being of another skin tone or sexual preference became to me a heinous crime, a perpetratorless, victim-replete crime. Thus it is for those like me, of all ages but especially those as yet unborn, that I must tell my story, in the hope that in the future the techniques of eye training will be taken seriously and become a part of the eye care arsenal in the war against blurred vision. I have nothing to sell; I consider awareness of this information to be a right of all those not diagnosed at 20/20.
MY UNWITTING PREPARATION
I learned some Hatha yoga techniques when I was eight years old. The degree of body awareness it gave me has proved extremely useful in my adult life. One technique, a breathing exercise, in part requires the person to relax all the muscles in the body (besides the ones needed for sitting up) by noticing tension and releasing it. This is done in conjunction with regulating the breath with the intention of slowing the heart rate (which many medical practitioners will argue cannot be brought under voluntary control) and generally relaxing the body. Years later, when I learned the techniques of operatic singing, I was able to apply this relaxation technique by noticing and releasing tension in muscles not necessary to the production of an efficient tone. (Many opera singing techniques pay little attention to the fact that there are many sets of muscles in the laryngeal area, and very few are needed for singing. The great diversity of tonal color among singers is due to the many possible combinations of muscular action by which one can make a sound, each of which will result in harmonic structures predictably different from the others.) The difficulty in singing is that the muscles used to phonate are not directly controllable, like the heart rate. One must find ways around this obstacle of inaccessibility through mental images designed to get the muscles to act properly, and of course through audiofeedback. For ten years daily I practiced these concepts guided by my teachers, and my voice underwent many changes in size, timbre and sustain ability, some drastic. I thus became accustomed to searching for a sound that initially would have been unimagined in my mind or ears, but would, when the proper muscular combination was used, often accidentally, suddenly make itself manifest. Because of this constant change in the sounds I was able to produce, I learned to dissociate the sound of my voice from my personality, which some singers and many nonsingers never do, and by extension to dissociate all other aspects of my physical being from my personality, excepting of course those attributes innate to my sex, whatever they may be. Through this experience I came to understand on a personal level that things are often not as they seem.
In 1983 my father was diagnosed with lymphoma, and because of the dismal forecast given him about his life by the doctor who diagnosed him, he sought an alternative cure. Through this search of his I became acquainted with the Hippocrates Health Institute, which promotes a cure for cancer through a diet of only raw, alkaline-reaction-inducing foods. Though several people had been helped back to health by this diet, my father's version of it eventually failed and he underwent chemotherapy, but due to the year on this diet his body was much stronger and better able to withstand chemo's chemical onslaught, and in fact he never lost his hair, even when he was given the drugs he was assured would make it fall out. (Also, the cancer in his bone marrow at his first biopsy, before the diet, had somehow disappeared by the time he decided to undergo chemo.) This adventure taught me that the medical community, no matter how much they insist we submit to their care, actually know very little about the workings of the human body. The nutritional industry is similarly sailing equally uncharted waters. I became predisposed to distrust these and other authorities when it comes to proclamations concerning the abilities and inabilities of the human organism.
In 1972 I got my first pair of glasses. I had resisted them for a year, saying I didn't need them, but once I got them I wore them constantly, except to see closely. It bothered me that every time I had a checkup my eyes had slipped a little more into myopia, starting at 20/70 and ending at my last checkup in 1984 around 20/300. (20/70 is 'legally blind' in New York State.) I was never given more of an explanation for this decline than that it was a normal progression for myopes. When I took genetics in high school and college, I began to wonder why I was the only myope in my entire family, including parents, both brothers, uncles, aunts, and cousins. Genetically this made no sense to me. So for years I doubted the eye care industry's claim that my condition was unchangeable, but I found no concrete substantiation of my suspicions until 1991.
In 1989 I was led to the book "The Art of Memory" by Frances Yates through my participation in an avant-garde opera by Robert Ashley, "Improvement": Don Leaves Linda which refers allegorically to Giordano Bruno and memory systems, and through my a cquaintance with one Philip Guerrard who was familiar with Yates' books on these subjects. The art of memory is a technique of using imagery as an aid in the memorization of speeches by ancient Greek orators. It involves building structures, e.g., houses or palaces, in one's imagination, to house images chosen for the ability of their attributes to remind one of an idea, phrase, or even a word. The theory is that since humans depend so much on visual information, it should help in the retention in memory of such abstract things as words or ideas if one links images to them, preferably striking images. I tested this on myself, and made a house for all the jokes I knew, since I had long been annoyed by my inability to remember all the jokes I knew at parties or on long car trips with new acquaintances. It works. I can now at will call up from memory any one of over fifty jokes simply by mentally looking through the house I used and seeing the representative objects I placed there. I then used the art to help me remember all the important facets of my vocal technique, which was easy since many of them were images already. I thus became able much more quickly to figure out which part of my technique I wasn't paying enough or any attention to when I was having vocal trouble. This made me better prepared to improve my eyesight when those techniques useful to me asserted themselves over the other ones not specific to my personal psychomuscular makeup. I made a house for them as well, some images of which are described later.
MY CHANCE EXPOSURE
In 1991, I was singing the role of Don Jose in Philadelphia, and I glanced at a Hammacher-Schlemmer catalog that a chorus member had brought to rehearsal to alleviate the tedium of waiting for a chorus scene to be rehearsed. In the catalogue was an ad for "aerobic glasses," made of opaque plastic and studded in a honeycomb pattern with pinholes. It advertised seeing clearly without using lenses and improving eyesight. The concept of pinholes was familiar to me: before I allowed myself to wear glasses I had discovered that I could see better if I formed a small hole with both pairs of thumbs and index fingers and looking through them. I ordered the 'aerobic glasses' at an exorbitant price ($40.00; I later saw the same thing in a health food store in Iowa for $25.00. They're worth about 50¢ in material, if that.) and received them at my next job, which was Faust in Durham NC. I wore them and shared them with fellow cast members, who were amazed at the effect they produced. Almost everyone who tried them could see fairly clearly, and what amazed them was that it could be done without lenses of any sort.
With the 'glasses' came a booklet called 'Secrets of seeing without glasses or contacts' which described exercises to do to strengthen and relax the muscles around the eye, a schedule for wearing the 'glasses' and also a reference to one Dr. William Bates, on whose original techniques the writers of this pamphlet had allegedly improved. I mentioned that name to the woman playing Marguerite, Kay Lowe, and she said she had his book. I borrowed and read it. The pamphlet writers had not improved on Bates' technique, only added others, and actually misrepresented some of the most important exercises.
Dr. William H. Bates, M.D., wrote his book 'The Bates Method for Better Eyesight Without Glasses' in the early part of this century, and it was published by Emily Bates in 1940. Bates, who died in 1931, was an ophthalmologist in the New York area who taught himself to overcome his presbyopia ("farsightedness") and then proceeded to refine and augment the techniques he developed for himself to help others to learn to see without the aid of lenses. (The book is still available for purchase. (It is an 'Owl Book', published by Henry Holt, New York.) It was during my reading of the chapter 'Imagination as an aid to vision' that I first experienced the possibility of long-lasting vision improvement.
The book described a process of observing a letter at a distance at which it appeared in clear focus, then using memory of the letter to imagine it clearly while viewing it at distances at which it would not be seen clearly (in my case, farther away). One could increase the distance in small increments, as Bates had one woman do. I applied this technique immediately after reading it to a few whole words on the page I had been reading. It worked. (It must be emphasized that I read the book with my unaided eyes. I believe it would do no good to read it while wearing glasses. because one couldn't then immediately try out the various exercises described.) I held the book farther away by degrees until I was seeing the words clearly at a distance twice that at which I had been able to see clearly with my naked eye for the past decade and a half. By the time that gig ended I was able after some practice to read book spine titles on my TV eight feet away. The first title I read this way was 'Wonderful Life' by Stephen Jay Gould. I am not a believer in fate or occult connections between things, but that title was appropriate, I thought.
Some of the explanations in Bates' book for various eye problems have been superseded by modern advances in methods of physical examination and a better understanding of the behavior of light. But his techniques for relaxation of the eye musculature have not, to my knowledge an in my opinion, been significantly improved upon.
THE TECHNIQUES
The techniques in Bates, book which I found most helpful to me (it must be understood that eyesight, like singing, is a highly psychological endeavor and no one set of images will work for any two people, let alone everyone)were: Palming, Shifting, remembering the color black, never staring at any one point for more than a second, and using the letter chart provided with the book to help relax the eye muscles (not the ciliary muscle, the ones around the eyeball, the ones responsible for moving the eye around. They can not be felt when they're contracting and I discovered that mine had been locked in a certain combination of tension for many years, which had increased incrementally by each checkup). Please read his book to learn about these techniques in detail. The arcane writing style and the quaint naivete of someone writing before television can nevertheless be digested. I will describe here the tricks I've discovered myself that are not described by Bates.
THE NECK CONNECTION
My next gig after FAUST was in Chautauqua NY, where I attended a lecture by a trigger point specialist, which is someone who alleviates muscular pain such as headaches by application of an understanding of the relationships between incorrectly contracting muscles and pressure points called trigger points that if properly massaged bring about a release of the offending tension. His live demonstration on singers he had never before met convinced many of us that there was some substance behind his radical rhetoric, and convinced me that his reference book "Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual" would be worth having. (He wore glasses, and I asked him if he'd heard of Bates, and he said yes but didn't seem interested in applying it to his own field. I found it curious that even someone as far from the medical mainstream as a trigger point specialist, and someone who constantly worked to relax others' muscles, should show such little interest in improving the function of his own eye muscles.) I bought the book through the local bookstore at home. It is a user-friendly reference guide to alleviating muscle problems by the use of diagrams showing the many trigger points and which muscles they affect. It led me to wonder if there were eye-muscle trigger points, and several months later I discovered one while on a long car trip.
Once I learned to see clearly fairly often, around 40% of the time (and the rest of the time was never nearly as blurry as it had been when I wore glasses) I was able to drive with unaided eyes, except at night when my eyes got tired and it became more difficult to relax them. (Since then I have become able to drive quite late into the night with unaided eyes.) One evening I began to massage the neck muscles at the base of the skull. I found that if I held pressure on these muscles my eyes would involuntarily see more clearly. It took several more months for it to occur to me that I didn't need to constantly hold my fingers to my neck to see clearly more easily, that the same result could be achieved by using muscles on the other, anterior, side of my neck to counterbalance the pull of these rear muscles and relax their hold on my eyes. The memory image I use for this is a seahorse, because of the curvature of their heads and necks. When I use the muscles in front of my ears to rock my head forward and loosen those rear neck muscles, it feels like I'm imitating a seahorse.
BLINKING
When I first started learning to release the ocular tensions accrued over the years, my yoga background was invaluable. I soon became aware of many theretofore unrecognized tightnesses in the eyes brought on by various actions. One of the very first I noticed was a tension brought on by blinking. This is difficult to describe, and I must use image metaphors. The way I learned to blink had a feeling associated with it similar to the action of pulling shut a long trapdoor than was suspended by a spring at the free end, and pulling it from a position about halfway down the length of the door. Another analogy would be using one's foot to depress a spring-loaded organ or synthesizer volume pedal. Or simply pushing down a cafeteria-type spring-loaded dish holder mounted on a table the surface of which is at shoulder height, with the tips of one's fingers from as far away as one could reach, keeping the arm perfectly straight. If you can keep one eye wide open and the other shut but not at all squinting, they way you keep the eye shut is the way I used to blink. This way of blinking, I found, caused my eyes to blur a bit, and I quickly started blinking more, as it were, with the front muscles of the eyelids, those muscles employed when one shuts the eyes tight while also raising and stretching the upper lip in a smiling grimace. It would be like going to the free end of the trapdoor and pulling down gripping the edge with the palm side of your forearms facing you. Or using your thumbs an the very end of the organ pedal instead of your whole foot along its entire length. Or just sitting on the plates. It was a very noticeable blink and resembled a nervous twitch. Gradually I allowed myself to blink in a more normal-looking manner, but without the old blurring tensions. I use the large 'front blink' now only when the other techniques aren't helping, or when time doesn't allow more effective but slower techniques like shifting. The memory image I use for this is the old Porky Pig, way back before Bugs Bunny was created when all toons had drops of sweat eject from the tops of their heads when they got nervous, and their eyelids were dark and shiny and opened and closed with a mechanical precision. A better image for some would be that mechanical owl in 'Clash of the Titans' whose eyes blinked so loudly.
THE INNER EYELID
Any Trekkie will identify with the above title and its presence in Vulcans which allowed Spock to instinctively shield his optic nerve from the blinding rays of McCoy's experimental light bombardment which killed the creature within Spock. Its relevance here is that there's no better way to describe one of the tricks I discovered to keep my sight clear. It's related to the blinking problem, except that one applies this feeling with the eyes open. It actually feels like I'm lifting up another eyelid that sits directly on top of my eye, like lifting up a long skirt to reveal a white petticoat. It's a very calm feeling when it;s achieved, and until I discovered the Seahorse and Zaphod techniques was one of my main tricks. I say 'tricks' because one must trick the muscles into behaving with these images. The image for this one is, of course, Mr. Spock himself.
SEEING BEYOND
In Des Moines, the summer after my initial success, I discovered a trick more mental than muscular. It's important to not let the sight process get nervous, because it will panic and the muscles will contract severely (and bring my vision back to where it was when I needed glasses). To this end I tried to understand what it was that made my eyes go myopic in the first place. Bates talks about the effect that reading a lot has had on people's eyes in general, i.e. we have trained our eyes to see close in order to read, and many of us try to apply the muscle ratios needed to see very close to seeing far away, which doesn't work. The eyes have been shaped by nature (those of you who still don't believe in evolution will not like this. Sorry.) to see images far away. Seeing close is of secondary importance, in terms of survival. But the eye can adapt to either extreme. Force of habit will cause it to let one set of muscular ratios predominate, and since seeing far requires little or no muscular adjustment from a state of rest, since the eye was built to see far, living a life where most sight is for distant objects, the muscles necessary to see really close will from disuse "forget" how to do it, like our toe muscles which only in persons without the ability to use hands are exercised enough to make the feet able to write with a pencil, though we all have the same sets of muscles. Conversely, prolonged use of the eye muscles for close work will tend to lock them into that pattern of performance, and one will with great difficulty if at all be able to relax them again to see far. (Computer screens are especially hard on eyes, because the screen image is not clear to start with, and the tendency to stare to see it clearly is encouraged.) Charles Darwin, in 'The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex,' makes the observation that 'savages,' as he calls them, meaning no disrespect, overwhelmingly see at a distance much better than Europeans. Of course. Savages don't read books all the time.
My eyes had gotten used to focusing in order to see close. I speculated that their tendency through learned unconscious habit to focus on close things, which entails crossing the eyes to varying degrees depending on proximity, probably was affecting my ability to see distant objects. In other words, my eyes were using see-close techniques for both near and far vision. At least, I thought, my eyes were thinking that objects were closer than they really were, and not understanding when they weren't getting a clear image. (To extend the Star Trek reference, in the first movie V-GER was thinking, 'I have sent the creator the correct sequence. Why does the creator not respond?' Or in Robocop when he says 'my targeting system is off.' But he knew why. My eyes didn't.) I tried tricking my eyes into focusing for the proper distance by pretending the object in question was a little farther than it seemed. I got this idea while looking at the pattern of tiles in the Men's Room and trying to get the parallel lines to converge. This was a game I had played for many years, but now with my eyes more relaxed it had the effect of clearing up the image, specifically of removing the false second image caused by astigmatism, which according to Bates is simply another form of incorrect muscle adjustment. Just as all the eye muscles contracting will elongate the eyeball, so a few of them contracting will warp the ball just enough for the cornea to become uneven, which causes astigmatism and hence multiple images. (Also, in the pamphlet that accompanied the 'aerobic glasses' was an image of a stop sign that was split into two images, neither of which had all the parts. One is asked to bring the images together by looking as if at a distant object so that the stop sign becomes complete. One could do something similar on this page by trying to make the following two sets of letters converge by overlapping the T's in order to form a five- letter word:

BAT TES

The purpose of this picture is to train the eyes to diverge in direction while looking at a close object, which helps relax them. It also causes the image in each eye to be equally important, forcing the weaker or less-used eye to pull its weight. This is probably the only part of that pamphlet of any value.) With this trick I was for the first time able to hold my vision clear for long periods, that is longer that 20 seconds, without constantly shifting focus. I was able using this method to go through Lucia di Lammermoor's entire mad scene with sharp images, and that was in low light. My memory image for it is Zaphod Beeblebrox from the Douglas Adams "Hitchhiker" trilogy (now in five books), since he has two heads. When one looks past an object in the foreground, one will see two of the close object. When one looks at the foreground object, one sees two of the background object. I try to turn Zaphod's two heads into one by looking past them. Curious logic, I admit, but memory systems work best when they're quirky.
MUSCLE STRETCHING
As a matter of muscular hygiene it is good to keep the muscles stretched out„ ask any dancer or gymnast. The same applies to the eyes In the morning, or whenever they're tired, it helps to stretch the eye muscles by moving them to their extremes- right, left, up, down, and all directions in between. Many people have advocated this exercise; I saw it illustrated in a Charlie Brown cartoon when I was young. Most, I'm sure, never took the exercise seriously. My image for this is a Cylon warrior. Watch Battlestar Galactica, you'll understand why.
THE SIDE OF THE HEAD
At the same time I discovered the Seahorse muscle, I began to try to consciously relax the muscles between the eyes and ears on the side of the head. These are not the same as the muscle I use to rock my skull forward, which is in front of my ear but attaches to my neck. These muscles are limited to the skull and extend up under the hair. The feeling I get when my sight is absolutely clear is one of utter freedom from tension, and thinking about these muscles often helps achieve that. My image for this is the famous Munch painting "The Scream," because of where the subject's hands are- right on those muscles, or slightly below. Positional accuracy is not important.
CROSSING AND RELEASING
When I went to Paris to perform Ashley's opera at a festival there, I became more aware of a tendency for my eyes to want to cross when the image wasn't clear. For months I had resisted this urge, thinking it counterproductive. But now it occurred to me that maybe there was a tension problem there that I wasn't allowing to be resolved, so I let them cross. I had discovered early on that while practicing with the eye chart in the morning (and in this I combined palming with remembering black and shifting so that one eye was covered while the other tried to relax), the way each eye would go about relaxing would start with it focusing really close (I didn't at first notice, since the other eye was covered, that this involved the covered eye crossing while the open one kept looking straight ahead), then gradually as I shifted it back and forth across the line of letters it would come into focus. (I also learned at this time that the eyes focus independently of each other, for when I would switch eyes the newly uncovered one rarely was seeing with the same degree of clarity that the one I had been practicing with was. This explained to me the difference between my eyes in my prescription. The right one had always measured up slightly weaker; actually it was just trying harder to see close. Now the right one sees clearly at least as often as the left one does.) Now, in Paris, I did the same thing without the other eye covered. They crossed, and I would shift my attention from what one eye was seeing to what the other was seeing, back and forth, and as they relaxed they would uncross and both eyes would be clearer. It's an interesting exercise to alternately disregard what the other eye is receiving. It made it clear that my eyes hardly ever see with equal clarity, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances of the light, even see colors differently. It also helps to make the more blurred eye clearer to instantly compare its image to the clear one. My memory object for this is the old Wilkinson blades sword logo, since they cross. In combination with the Zaphod technique, this can get the eyes clear very quickly.
THE FOREHEAD MUSCLES
This is my most recently codified relaxing tactic. After the Seahorse and side-of-the-head muscles had been employed for a while, I became aware of tension located in the area above my eyes, basically the forehead region. (I must stress that I was unaware of this tension until I'd been relaxing other muscles in the vicinity for some time. Indeed, this can be said for all the tensions I've released: In their turn, each was noticed only after others had been released, except of course the first one, which was released through suggestions from the Bates book as outlined above.) This forehead tension is quite subtle and I have been able to release it only through imagining the muscles to be more relaxed than they are, in effect willing them to release. It is difficult to effect this release without incurringor letting recur other tensions nearby, such as beneath the eyes. Still, on a recent road trip I enjoyed my highest percentage todate of absolute clarity with this concept, in conjunction with the Seahorse, shifting, remembering black and crossing & releasing. My image for this, I hope rather obviously, is the head of a Sperm whale with its enormous forehead area.
A WORD ON MY IMAGES
The images I have chosen to remind myself of the techniques herein described and the ones from the Bates book that I use that I have not described, have particular relevance in my life. I don't expect any of them to mean much to anyone else. If you choose to use mnemonic devices in your journey to better vision, please pick images of special meaning to you, for they are most easily remembered.
CONCLUSION
With my concepts and techniques kept readily accessible in my memory, I am able to successfully fight the incorrect muscular habits formed in my childhood and reinforced during the years I was dependent on refractive lenses. As time passes, it gets increasingly easier to keep my eyes relaxed and see clearly. I almost never wear glasses any more, and then only extremely briefly when I need to read a street sign while driving at night. The few times when I'm unable to adequately overcome eye tension, which are now no longer than half a minute and occur only after extended computer work or at the end of a long day, are a pittance to pay for the freedom from frames or contact lens chemicals and their accompanying expense. One of the greatest benefits is the ability to lean my head against something, be it a pillow or my beloved's breast, without any obstruction or worry about having to get up later and put contacts in a solution, and watch the TV or a sunset or the stars. Another great thing is that people look at me differently without the wall of lenses on my face. I didn't like contact lenses- they made my eyes tired and were too much trouble-so I went from a bespectacled aloof intellectual to a personable 'normal' guy in the space of three weeks. I can play frisbee in the rain and go swimming with perfect clarity and no problems of fogging or losing a contact. I don't have to worry about where my glasses are. The list is very long.
Make no mistake, to unlearn bad vision habits is difficult and requires constant attention. It requires a strong will, immense patience and great determination, and mostly the desire for the freedom success brings. Everyone who wears lenses should be given the opportunity to apply Bates' techniques. All they have to lose is the freedom they are already denied by their dependence on their lenses. The gains are comparatively immeasurable. But millions are denied the mere possibility of awareness of these facts by the silence of those who, since they were taught otherwise or tried and failed, will not spread this knowledge. A recent National Geographic article on vision stated categorically without mentioning theories to the contrary, that science does not know the cause of myopia. Answering my letter to the editor, which pointed out Bates and his technique and its success in my case but which was not printed, the editor wrote me that, due to space considerations and expected interest to readers, many things, INCLUDING BATES'S THEORIES, (capitals mine) had to be omitted! I wrote back asking what could possibly be of more interest to readers of an article on vision than the possible existence of an inexpensive way for a large percentage of lenswearers to rid themselves of their optical crutch. I received no response to my second letter. And the Bates method was once again ignored. Bates's book has been in print over fifty years. It was sheer luck that I came across it at all. Once again, it's not a conspiracy. It is the inertia of ignorance and the inability of most people to think outside strictly conditioned pathways. I hope this little treatise will encourage others to give the Bates method or some variant a try and hopefully experience the joy I have.
Adam Klein June 1993
Feb. 7, 1995: I passed the eye exam when renewing my driver's license in Front Royal, VA. For the first time in my life I can legally drive a car without wearing lenses. This is the first concrete proof I can give that I am seeing as well as I claim.
I read 'Better Sight Without Glasses' (or contact lenses) by some British guy, Harry Benjamin. The single assertion that colorblindness is curable should be enough to warn people off this book. (Colorblindness is a genetic trait like eye color.) It gives a short summary of the Bates Method, but like the 'Secrets' pamphlet it gets swinging all wrong. You don't need to move any part of your body besides your eyes to swing. It does provide a diagram of eye musculature, but that can be found in a decent medical book. Take it with a grain of salt if you buy it. I heard of another book, Help Yourself to Better Sight" by M. D. Corbett, evidently a student of Bates'; but haven't yet procured a copy.
I have determined with reasonable certainty (to myself) that the ultimate source of eyeball deformation in my case has been the superfluous use of the muscles that attach to the eye transversely, above and below. My most recent "trick" has been to imagine those muscles relaxing while the four that attach from behind are still engaged at some ratio for pointing the eyeball where desired. It seems that the crossing described above results from relaxing one set of transverse muscles without relaxing the other set. Once that other set lets go, the eyes uncross.
January 12, '2003'. I'm living in New Jersey now. When I changed my driver's license in '1998' I didn't pass the eye exam. I'd gotten lazy. But my sight has continued to improve, in the form of longer stretches of clarity Having discovered the Plainfield Curling Club I can gauge my sight progress by how well I see during a game. A curling sheet is over 120 feet long, and there's a clock on the far end of our club, plus a scoreboard. Depending on how much driving or computer work (or both) I've done during the day, I can see those things more or less clearly, but in general my ability to see far has berome more consistently good. This involves lack of fuzziness and also multiple images. It's important to see only one broom when you're throwing a stone.
I've come upon another book; 'Improve your Eyesight: A Guide to the Bates Method for Better Eyesight without Glasses', by Jonathan Barnes, another Brit. This book is quite good, it gets shifting and swinging right, and talks about some things that I don't think were known to Bates. It's also written in a much more accessible style than Bates's own book, and is organized more as a primer than as a list of case histories, as in Bates. I have found some useful tips in it. However, it makes no mention of the connection between the muscles that attach to the top of the eye and the ones at the base of the neck. This has become one of my primary avenues of eye relaxation, so I was disappointed that it wasn't even mentioned. Still, I would recommend this book highly, even over Bates's own, as a first primer for the method since it's so much more accessible to the average person. But one should still track down a copy of the original, if only for the story of the Bates method in New York schools.
And of course there is now the Internet. See Clearly Dot Com will take you through it for a fee, and I've heard of people in California who will teach vision therapy for hundreds of dollars an hour. Clear sight should be free. Or at most the price of a paperback book.

February '2004'. I got an email from someone who found this little tome of mine useful. I include it here as the closest thing you'll see here to a testimonial.

Wed, 28 Jan 2004
Dear Mr. Klein,
I want to thank you for the time and effort you put into writing about your vision work. I took it off the internet and have really used the information. It certainly is encouraging. I have improved my eyesight from over 20/400 ( my Rx was -525) down to about 20/80. I like many myopes have done quite a bit of reading and came from a background of teaching Art and Special-Ed. You, because of your approach of coming from voice work, have given me a much better understanding of the importance of the relaxation of muscles in vision. Oh yes, I had read Bates and many others, but you gave me a unique insight.
Certainly a great gift to me at the right time. Recently I have been very discouraged. I have been on a plateau for a long time and because of your information I can see why. I have put in my time on centralization, eye coordination, the eye chart, palming, swinging, sunning and so on. However now that I have read your information and applied it, I am beginning to actually feel the tension all around my eyes. Amazing! My husband pointed our that I must have already improved because he can see the difference in the relaxation in my eyes now verses the photograph of me taken before I started this vision work. That was an encouraging thought. So I will continue on now and add some of you concepts as expressed in your images-e.g. sea horse, sperm whale. I like the Porky Pig blink. You do realize that in using these creative concepts you are adding right brain concepts to the vision work. That is relaxing and fun.
My goal is to eventually get a driver's license without restrictions. That would be exciting. Not just the drivers license but the freedom to see without glasses. I have noticed that my personality and the way I react to the world is different that it was behind thick glasses.
This note is meant as a thank you for your gift and the gift of vision improvement is a big one.
Sincerely,Malinda Anderson

In a follow-up email Malinda mentioned the following books: 'Relearning to See' and 'Better Eyesight The Complete Magazines of William Bates' by Tom Quackenbush and 'Natural Vision Improvement' by Dr. Janet Goodrich. I haven't seen these books so I can't comment on them.